Introduction: Parties from Vanguards to Governments IVAN SABLIN AND EGAS MONIZ BANDEIRA

The birth of Anfu China, East Asia’s first party-state: Toward a constitutional dictatorship of the gentry, 1916–1918 ERNEST MING-TAK LEUNG

The Communist International: A party of parties confronting interwar internationalisms, 1920–1925 VSEVOLOD KRITSKIY

The Left Opposition and the practices of parliamentarianism within the Bolshevik Party, 1923–1924 ALEXANDER V. REZNIK

Importing and exporting ideas of nationalism and state-building: The experience of Turkey’s Republican People’s Party, 1923–1950 PAUL KUBICEK

Competing with the marketplace: The Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT)’s Department of Propaganda and its political publishing program, 1924–1937 CHRISTOPHER A. REED

Aspirations for a mass political party in prewar imperial Japan: Conflicting visions of national mobilization BRUCE GROVER AND EGAS MONIZ BANDEIRA

Constitution-making in the informal Soviet empire in Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Inner Asia, 1945–1955 IVAN SABLIN

Work teams, leading small groups, and the making of modern Chinese bureaucracy, 1929–1966 LONG YANG

From revolutionary comrades to “mothers of the nation”: The Workers’ Party of Korea’s approach to the role of women in the 1950s–1960s NATALIA MATVEEVA

The dawn before one-party dominance: South Korea’s road to party politics under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, 1961–1963 KYONGHEE LEE

The Yugoslav federation and the concept of one ruling party in its final hour JURE GAŠPARIČ

The vanguard’s changing tempo: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and government institutions, 1921–1990 ADÉLA GJURIČOVÁ

This volume was prepared as part of the project “ENTPAR: Entangled Parliamentarisms: Constitutional Practices in Russia, Ukraine, China and Mongolia, 1905–2005,” which received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 755504). Most of the chapters were presented at the Workshop “The Vanguard of Class and Nation: Parties as Governments in Eurasia, 1920s–1990s,” hosted by Heidelberg University on April 12–13, 2021. The editors would also like to thank Alexandra Eremia and Vincent Conway for their assistance with preparing the index to this volume.